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Nature：科学家成功使用DNA折叠法制造出一款分子马达

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科技日报记者刘霞

德国科学家在新一期《自然》（Nature）杂志上发表论文称，他们成功使用DNA折叠法制造出了一款分子马达。这种由遗传物质制成的新型纳米马达可以自我组装并将电能转换为动能，可以开关，还能通过施加电场控制其转速和旋转方向，未来有望用于驱动化学反应。

a、b：基座和三角形平台示意图，圆柱体表示DNA双螺旋。c：马达装配步骤。d、e：转子臂组件。f：微型马达动力学实验装置（左）；接上电极产生旋转（右）。
图片来源：《自然》网站　

汽车、钻机等机器内的马达能帮人们完成日常生活中的各种任务，人体内也有天然分子马达在执行重要任务，如一种被称为ATP合成酶的马达蛋白产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）分子，供人体短期储存和传递能量。

天然分子马达但在微观尺度上重建机械性能与ATP合成酶相当的马达则非常困难。现在，研究人员借助DNA折叠术构建了一个能工作的纳米级旋转马达。

DNA折叠术由美国加州理工学院科学家保罗·罗斯蒙德于2006年发明。该研究负责人、慕尼黑技术大学（TUM）教授亨德里克·迪茨说：“多年来，我们一直在改进这种方法，现在可以借此研制出非常精确和复杂的物体，例如可以捕捉病毒的分子开关等。”

新型纳米马达由DNA材料制成，包含3部分：基座、平台和转子臂。基座约40纳米高，固定在溶液中的玻璃板上。基座上安装了一个长500纳米的转子臂，使其能够旋转。位于基座和转子臂之间的平台对马达能否按预期工作至关重要。在没有能量供应的情况下，电机的转子臂会因为与周围溶液中分子的碰撞而随机移动，一旦通过两个电极施加交流电压，转子臂就会在一个方向上旋转。

迪茨表示，这种新型马达具有的机械性能——它每秒产生的能量比两个ATP分子分裂时释放的能量还要多。此外，可以通过电场的方向及交流电压的频率和幅度来控制转子臂旋转的速度和方向，未来有望用于驱动用户定义的化学反应：在表面密布这种马达，添加起始材料，随后施加一点交流电压，马达就会产生理想的化合物。

对于不想自己构建DNA纳米材料的研究人员，德国Tilibit Nanosystems公司可以提供DNA纳米材料定制和相关试剂盒。


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产品名称    货号
Mouse Leukemia inhibitory factor His Tag MLH090
Activating transcription factor 2.Human, GST Tag. ATFH110
Activin A  Human Protein (His Tag) ACH026
Activin A Receptor, Type IB Human AAR080
Activin A Receptor, Type IB Human  His Tag ARH166
Activin B human his tag ABH081
Activin Receptor Human Type-2B His Tag ARH082
Activin Receptor Type IIA (ACTR-IIA) Human His Tag ART165
Activin Receptor Type-1B, human, His tag ATH107
Adipocyte Adhesion Molecule Human His Tag HAA152
Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein Human His Tag ADR159
Adiponectin Human ADH076
Adiponectin/ ACRP30 Rat His Tag ADR158
Adiponectin-2, Mouse ALM018
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) Human His Tag ATL167
Angiopoietin-2 Human His Tag ALP017
Angiopoietin-2,Human ANGH132
Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Human His Tag APH161
Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Mouse His Tag APH162
Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 /Lipasin Human His Tag APH163
Anti His Tag Monoclonal Antibody AMH142
Anti Myc Monoclonal Antibody AMA004
Anti-Flag Monoclonal Antibody AMA143
Anti-GST Monoclonal Antibody AMA141
Anti-HA Monoclonal Antibody AMA144
Anti-His Monoclonal Antibody  AMA145
Anti-V5 Monoclonal Antibody AMA146
apolipoprotein E/APOE His Tag AMH019
Artemin Human His Tag ARH164
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, Human BFG01
B-Cell Maturation Antigen mouse MBCM114
Beta Nerve Growth Factor Human NGF048
Beta Nerve Growth Factor Mouse NGF049
Betacellulin His Tag Human BHT023
Betacellulin Human BHU024
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type-1A Human. BMPH108
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB,Human. BMPH109
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Human His Tag BMH169
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Human His Tag BMH170
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-5 Human His Tag BMH171
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Human His Tag BMH172
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI3) Human His Tag BAI168
CD27 antigen,Human CDH129
CD27 antigen,Human, His tag CDH128
CD27 antigen,Mouse MCD130
CD320 Extracellular Domain Human His Tag SCD177
CD320 Extracellular Domain Mouse His Tag SCD178
CD36 Extracellular Domain Human His Tag  EDH173
Cerebellin-1 Human His Tag CNH179
Cerebellin-1 Mouse His Tag CNH180
Chemokine (C-X-C motif ) Ligand 1, SUMO Tag,Human CXH135
Ciliary neurotrophic factor Mouse CNF014
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Subunit alpha Protein CNF013
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor, His Tag CNF012
C-X-C motif chemokine 11,Human,His tag. CXH137
CXCL1/GRO alpha, Human, SUMO Tag CXH136
Eotaxin-2, MPIF-2 Protein his tag EHR020
Epidermal Growth Factor, Human EGF063 
Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A4, human FAMH106
Fibroblast growth factor 14, human FGF035
Fibroblast growth factor 14, human, Canine FGH036
Fibroblast growth factor 17 Human FGH033
Fibroblast growth factor 18, human (His Tag) FGF039
Fibroblast growth factor 19, Human FGF034
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 mouse His Tag FGM038
Fibroblast growth factor 21, human  His-tag FGH037
fibroblast growth factor 6, human. FGF032
Fibroblast growth factor 7 Human, His Tag FGF028
Fibroblast growth factor 9 Human FGF031
Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein, His Tag FGF046
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Oncogene Partner. FGF047
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 FGF029
Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 FGF043
Fibroblast Growth Factor-12, Human FGF045
Fibroblast Growth Factor-Acidic Human  FGF041
Fibroblast Growth Factor-Acidic Mouse FGH042
Follistatin Human  FLH067
Follistatin Mouse FLM068
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor , Mouse. GMC07
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human Recombinant GMC06
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Mouse Recombinant ILG02
Interleukin 13 Human His Tag ILH055
Interleukin-10 human ILH061
Interleukin-10 Human, His-tag. IHH054
Interleukin-13 Human ILH062
Interleukin-15 Human His Tag ILH058
Interleukin-18 Human His Tag ILH064
Interleukin-2 Human  ILH056
Interleukin-2 Human His Tag ILH057
Interleukin-27 Protein,His tag ILH073
Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant, His Tag IL03
Interleukin-33 Human , His Tag ILH153
Interleukin-4 Human ILH070
Interleukin-4 Human His Tag ILH071
Interleukin-6 His Tag IL010
Interleukin-7 Human His-Tag ILH154
Interleukin-8 His Tag IL011
Interleukin-9 human, his tag ILH065
Interleukin-9 RAT receptor His Tag ILH066
Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Human Recombinant, His Tag KGF030
Leukemia inhibitory factor human LIF089
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Human His Tag LIH088
Macrophage Inflammatory protein-3 alpha (CCL20) Human Recombinant, His Tag MIPH104
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 alpha Mouse,His Tag. MMIP105
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human, His-tag CSF05
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Mouse Recombinant CSF04
Monoclonal ANTI-FLAG-Peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated AMA148
Monoclonal ANTI-GST-Peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated AMA150
Monoclonal Anti-HA-Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated AMA149
Monoclonal Anti-myc-Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated. AMA147
Mouse Activin A Protein (His Tag) ACM-027
Mouse Betacellulin MBC025
Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 His Tag FGH040
Mouse Leukemia inhibitory factor his tag MLI091
Mouse Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Alpha His Tag MLH092
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Human NGR051
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Mouse, His Tag. NGR052
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Mouse. NGR053
Nerve Growth Factor receptor, Human His Tag NGR050
Noggin Human  Nog09
Noggin Human His Tag NOG08
Osteoactivin Human/ GPNMB ONH083
Osteoactivin Human/ GPNMB His Tag OHH085
Osteoactivin Mouse/ GPNMB His Tag MOH084
Patatin-like phospholipase domain protein 3 (PNPLA3) /Adiponutrin Human, His Tag PAH160
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Human His Tag PAH155
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Mouse His Tag PAM156
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Rat His Tag PAR157
Rat Adipocyte Adhesion Molecule RAA151
Recombinant Cynomolgus p53/ TP53 EHR021
Soluble CD209 Human His Tag SCD176
Stromal cell-derived factor ,Human CXH140
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo THP069
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo His Tag THP059
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo Mouse, His Tag THP079
TNF receptor superfamily member 5, mouse MTNF126
TNF receptor superfamily member 5, Rat RTNF127
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 TGF022
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 9, Human His Tag TNF174
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世界*实验材料供应商 Biotech Nature上海金畔生物为其中国代理， Biotech Nature在一直是行业的*,一直为广大科研客户提供zui为的产品和服务,上海金畔生物一直秉承为中国科研客户带来的产品，的服务， Biotech Nature就是为了给广大科研客户带来更加完善的产品和服务,您的满意将是我们zui大的收获

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作为主要的蛋白和抗体生产公司，Biotech-Nature为客户提供各种细胞因子，生长因子，趋化因子，激素，酶类，病毒性抗原和其它蛋白。

Biotech-nature公司成立于2004年，从成立到现在一直稳步增长。在它刚成立那几年专注于当地市场，但zui近随着需求的增长，扩大我们的销售到市场。

我们由资深工程师组成的多功能技术平台来验证的功能，zui的蛋白。

我们的首要目标是以市场竞争价为客户提供zui的蛋白。也可以根据客户具体需要来订制不同规格的产品。

 

产品目录

 

产品名称    货号
Mouse Leukemia inhibitory factor His Tag MLH090
Activating transcription factor 2.Human, GST Tag. ATFH110
Activin A  Human Protein (His Tag) ACH026
Activin A Receptor, Type IB Human AAR080
Activin A Receptor, Type IB Human  His Tag ARH166
Activin B human his tag ABH081
Activin Receptor Human Type-2B His Tag ARH082
Activin Receptor Type IIA (ACTR-IIA) Human His Tag ART165
Activin Receptor Type-1B, human, His tag ATH107
Adipocyte Adhesion Molecule Human His Tag HAA152
Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein Human His Tag ADR159
Adiponectin Human ADH076
Adiponectin/ ACRP30 Rat His Tag ADR158
Adiponectin-2, Mouse ALM018
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) Human His Tag ATL167
Angiopoietin-2 Human His Tag ALP017
Angiopoietin-2,Human ANGH132
Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Human His Tag APH161
Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Mouse His Tag APH162
Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 /Lipasin Human His Tag APH163
Anti His Tag Monoclonal Antibody AMH142
Anti Myc Monoclonal Antibody AMA004
Anti-Flag Monoclonal Antibody AMA143
Anti-GST Monoclonal Antibody AMA141
Anti-HA Monoclonal Antibody AMA144
Anti-His Monoclonal Antibody  AMA145
Anti-V5 Monoclonal Antibody AMA146
apolipoprotein E/APOE His Tag AMH019
Artemin Human His Tag ARH164
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, Human BFG01
B-Cell Maturation Antigen mouse MBCM114
Beta Nerve Growth Factor Human NGF048
Beta Nerve Growth Factor Mouse NGF049
Betacellulin His Tag Human BHT023
Betacellulin Human BHU024
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type-1A Human. BMPH108
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB,Human. BMPH109
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Human His Tag BMH169
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Human His Tag BMH170
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-5 Human His Tag BMH171
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Human His Tag BMH172
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI3) Human His Tag BAI168
CD27 antigen,Human CDH129
CD27 antigen,Human, His tag CDH128
CD27 antigen,Mouse MCD130
CD320 Extracellular Domain Human His Tag SCD177
CD320 Extracellular Domain Mouse His Tag SCD178
CD36 Extracellular Domain Human His Tag  EDH173
Cerebellin-1 Human His Tag CNH179
Cerebellin-1 Mouse His Tag CNH180
Chemokine (C-X-C motif ) Ligand 1, SUMO Tag,Human CXH135
Ciliary neurotrophic factor Mouse CNF014
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Subunit alpha Protein CNF013
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor, His Tag CNF012
C-X-C motif chemokine 11,Human,His tag. CXH137
CXCL1/GRO alpha, Human, SUMO Tag CXH136
Eotaxin-2, MPIF-2 Protein his tag EHR020
Epidermal Growth Factor, Human EGF063 
Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A4, human FAMH106
Fibroblast growth factor 14, human FGF035
Fibroblast growth factor 14, human, Canine FGH036
Fibroblast growth factor 17 Human FGH033
Fibroblast growth factor 18, human (His Tag) FGF039
Fibroblast growth factor 19, Human FGF034
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 mouse His Tag FGM038
Fibroblast growth factor 21, human  His-tag FGH037
fibroblast growth factor 6, human. FGF032
Fibroblast growth factor 7 Human, His Tag FGF028
Fibroblast growth factor 9 Human FGF031
Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein, His Tag FGF046
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Oncogene Partner. FGF047
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 FGF029
Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 FGF043
Fibroblast Growth Factor-12, Human FGF045
Fibroblast Growth Factor-Acidic Human  FGF041
Fibroblast Growth Factor-Acidic Mouse FGH042
Follistatin Human  FLH067
Follistatin Mouse FLM068
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor , Mouse. GMC07
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human Recombinant GMC06
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Mouse Recombinant ILG02
Interleukin 13 Human His Tag ILH055
Interleukin-10 human ILH061
Interleukin-10 Human, His-tag. IHH054
Interleukin-13 Human ILH062
Interleukin-15 Human His Tag ILH058
Interleukin-18 Human His Tag ILH064
Interleukin-2 Human  ILH056
Interleukin-2 Human His Tag ILH057
Interleukin-27 Protein,His tag ILH073
Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant, His Tag IL03
Interleukin-33 Human , His Tag ILH153
Interleukin-4 Human ILH070
Interleukin-4 Human His Tag ILH071
Interleukin-6 His Tag IL010
Interleukin-7 Human His-Tag ILH154
Interleukin-8 His Tag IL011
Interleukin-9 human, his tag ILH065
Interleukin-9 RAT receptor His Tag ILH066
Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Human Recombinant, His Tag KGF030
Leukemia inhibitory factor human LIF089
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Human His Tag LIH088
Macrophage Inflammatory protein-3 alpha (CCL20) Human Recombinant, His Tag MIPH104
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 alpha Mouse,His Tag. MMIP105
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human, His-tag CSF05
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Mouse Recombinant CSF04
Monoclonal ANTI-FLAG-Peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated AMA148
Monoclonal ANTI-GST-Peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated AMA150
Monoclonal Anti-HA-Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated AMA149
Monoclonal Anti-myc-Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated. AMA147
Mouse Activin A Protein (His Tag) ACM-027
Mouse Betacellulin MBC025
Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 His Tag FGH040
Mouse Leukemia inhibitory factor his tag MLI091
Mouse Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Alpha His Tag MLH092
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Human NGR051
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Mouse, His Tag. NGR052
Nerve Growth Factor receptor Mouse. NGR053
Nerve Growth Factor receptor, Human His Tag NGR050
Noggin Human  Nog09
Noggin Human His Tag NOG08
Osteoactivin Human/ GPNMB ONH083
Osteoactivin Human/ GPNMB His Tag OHH085
Osteoactivin Mouse/ GPNMB His Tag MOH084
Patatin-like phospholipase domain protein 3 (PNPLA3) /Adiponutrin Human, His Tag PAH160
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Human His Tag PAH155
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Mouse His Tag PAM156
Progranulin/ Acrogranin Rat His Tag PAR157
Rat Adipocyte Adhesion Molecule RAA151
Recombinant Cynomolgus p53/ TP53 EHR021
Soluble CD209 Human His Tag SCD176
Stromal cell-derived factor ,Human CXH140
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo THP069
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo His Tag THP059
Thrombopoietin Human/ Thpo Mouse, His Tag THP079
TNF receptor superfamily member 5, mouse MTNF126
TNF receptor superfamily member 5, Rat RTNF127
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 TGF022
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 9, Human His Tag TNF174
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 9, Mouse His Tag TNF175
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Human  TNF015
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mouse TNF016
γ-IFN / IFN-gamma  IFN044

 

Nature新闻：小玉米，大用途

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种植农作物比培育哺乳动物细胞要简单的多，廉价的多，哺乳动物细胞可能包含有人类病原体，必须维持在的温度下，供给特殊的营养物。但培育哺乳动物是当前生成一些复杂的蛋白质*的途径。

例如，罕见的溶酶体贮积病粘多糖累积病I型就是采用酶替代疗法治疗。这种酶必须在细胞内生成，而高生产成本意味着每年该药要花费几十万美元。因此加拿大西蒙弗雷泽大学的植物生物学家Allison Kermode（她的丈夫从事溶酶体贮积病患者研究工作）决定开发一种途径在玉米中来生产必要的酶。

当诸如酶这样的人类蛋白质在植物细胞中表达时，它们通常被修饰上植物特异性的糖分子，当将其注入患者体内时这有可能导致危险的免疫反应。在发表于《自然通讯》（Nature Communications）杂志上的一篇论文中，Kermode和她的同事们描述了她们如何避免这些修饰的过程。

研究小组稍稍调整了蛋白质生成基因，并没有改变人类蛋白的序列，但却确保了一旦生成，蛋白质将不会通过细胞的高尔基复合体，有问题的糖类通常在这一结构中被添加。基因工程玉米种子生成了带有转变为人类形式的糖类修饰的蛋白质。

纽约Boyce Thompson植物科学研究所的生物学家Richard Pattison称赞这种方法“非常的巧妙”。大多数解决这一糖问题的尝试需要使蛋白质突变，这有可能破坏其功能，或是遗传工程操作植物以不同的方式修饰蛋白，这是一种费时的方法且往往不起作用。

还有其他的一些植物系统也用于生产治疗蛋白。今年5月，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗溶酶体贮积病高雪氏病（Gaucher disease）的新药Elelyso （taliglucerase alfa）就是在培育的胡萝卜细胞中生成。还有一些在浮萍、红花和烟草中生成的药物进展到了临床试验阶段。然而采用这些系统来生成带有某些糖模式的蛋白仍然是困难或是不可能的。

就控制蛋白质修饰而言，Kermode的定位技术“显著地改善了生物制药的生产，”维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学分子生物学家Herta Steinkellner说。

且将转基因蛋白包装到玉米仁中具有特别的优势。谷类农作物可采用已建立的方法种植，种子适合长期蛋白贮存。然而Kermode说转基因作物应该种植在受控制的温室内以防止它们进入到环境中。

Kermode说玉米药物进入市场还有很长的路要走。从转基因种子中纯化的酶是具有功能的，但它们还没有在细胞中开展检测，更不要说人类。研究小组还需要确保种子能以更高的产量来生成蛋白质。如果一切顺利，玉米有可能在某一天成为生成复杂蛋白质药物的的方式。