TOXINS产品目录

toxintechnology公司于1984年成立,目的是向工业界和科学界提供的葡萄球菌毒素和抗毒素。此外,Toxin Technology公司成立是为了检测食品和培养上清液中是否存在葡萄球菌毒素。ToxinTech的创始人R.F.Reiser医生和R.H.Deibel医生是外派人员。 TS在各自领域的葡萄球菌研究公司成立时。Reiser博士在葡萄球菌肠杆菌的纯化和鉴定方面有丰富的经验。 是毒素休克综合征毒素的。Deibel博士是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校细菌系的主席,他也曾在那里做过。 食品中葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌生长及其毒素在动物模型中作用的研究。副总裁兼实验室PaulBina于19岁加入Tox技术公司。 工作人员已增加到8名雇员,其中包括4名板凳科学家。Toxin Technology的生产线已扩大到包括由链球菌和大肠杆菌生产的毒素。兔和羊制备的多克隆抗体可用于大多数 e毒素和小鼠单克隆抗体正在加入,因为他们可以使用。ToxinTech的服务部门现在包括检测额外的细菌毒素和霉菌毒素以及Perfor。 明血清中存在抗葡萄球菌和链球菌毒素的抗体。合同研究服务可用于毒素生产和毒素产品挑战研究领域。这些研究 ES可以根据良好的实验室实践标准(GLPS)进行。toxintechnology目标是是为科学界提供尽可能高质量的毒素和相关产品。在服务方面,我们的政策是提供 对细菌毒素和霉菌毒素进行快速、灵敏和有效的检测。

 

 

TOXINS产品目录 

 

TOXINS AND DERIVATIVES 1, 2, 3, 4*                                             

Highly  Purified  Staphylococcal  Enterotoxins

Name

Catalog #

Sizes

Name

Catalog #

Sizes

SEA

AT101

100 µg

SEE

ET404

100 µg

SEB

BT202

1 mg

SEH

SEH-1

1 mg

SEC1

CT111

5 mg

SEJ

SEJ-1

5 mg

SEC2

CT222

10 mg

SEK

SEK-1

10 mg

SEC3

CT333

 

TSST-1

TT606

 

SED

DT303

 

ExfoliativeToxin A

ST101

 

Endotoxin Minimized Enterotoxins Available Upon Request (< 1 EU/mg) Inquire

 

Recombinant Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (rSEs)

rSEA

rAT101

 

rSED

rDT303

 

rSEB

rBT202

 

rSEE

rET404

 

rSEC-3

rCT333

 

rTSST-1

rTT606

 

 

1Toxin grades are partially purified or highly purified.  None are pure and all contain other

  substances that co-purify and can be detected using improved or very sensitive methods.

2 These reagents are intended for laboratory and research purposes only. They are not

   intended for human or veterinary drug use.

3  Minimum U.S. order $50.00, Min. International $250.00. Terms are net 30 days; U.S. dollars only.

4 The U.S. DOC requires Export Licenses for ALL Staph & Shiga Toxins.

Toxin Technology Assumes No Liability for the Use of these Products.

Highly  Purified  Staphylococcal  Enterotoxins

Endotoxin Reduced < 5 EU per mg.

Name

Catalog #

 

 

 

 

SEA

AT101red

 

SEE

ET404red

 

SEB

BT202red

 

SEH

SEH-1red

 

SEC1

CT111red

 

SEJ

SEJ-1red

 

SEC2

CT222red

 

SEK

SEK-1red

 

SEC3

CT333red

 

TSST-1

TT606red

 

SED

DT303red

 

Exfoliative

Toxin A

ST101red

 

Further Endotoxin Reduction Available Upon Request (< 1 EU/mg) Inquire

 

Recombinant Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (rSEs)

rSEA

rAT101red

 

rSED

rDT303red

 

rSEB

rBT202red

 

rSEE

rET404red

 

rSEC-3

rCT333red

 

rTSST-1

rTT606red

 

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Toxoids (SE-X)

SEA-X

AT101-X

 

SEB-X

BT202-X

 

Other Toxoids Can Be Prepared Upon Request

 

Partially Purified Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

Name

Catalog #

 

Name

Catalog #

 

SEA

AP101

 

SED

DP303

 

SEB

BP202

 

SEE

EP404

 

SEC’s

CP1, 2, 3

 

TSST-1

TP606

 

Other Partially Purified Toxins can be Prepared on Request.

Biotinylated  Staphylococcal  Enterotoxins  

Name

Catalog #

Name

Catalog #

SEA

AT101-B

SEE

ET404-B

SEB

BT202-B

TSST-1

TT606-B

SEC’s

CT1, 2, 3-B

ExfoliativeToxin  A

ST101-B

SED

DT303-B

 

 

Other Products Can be Biotinylated on Request

Staphylococcal  Thermonuclease

Quantity

Catalog  #’s

250 µ-molar units

SN250

5000 µ-molar  units

SN5000

500 µ-molar units

SN500

Staphylococcal  Hemolysins

Description

Catalog  #

Description

Alpha Hemolysin – partially purified

HP101

BHP1

Beta Hemolysin – partially purified

Alpha Hemolysin – highly purified

HT101

BHT1

Beta Hemolysin – highly purified

Staphylococcal Peptidoglycan

Description

Catalog  #

 

Staphylococcal peptidoglycan

STPG1

 

 

 

ANTISERA

RABBIT

 

Staphylococcal  Antitoxins                     

Name

Catalog #

Name

Catalog #

Anti – SEA

AS101

Anti – SED

DS303

Anti – SEB

BS202

Anti – SEE

ES404

Anti – SEC1

CS111

Anti – SEH

SEHS – 1

Anti – SEC2

CS222

Anti – TSST-1

TS606

Anti – SEC3

CS333

Anti – DNase

NS101

Affinity Purified

               IgG            IgG  HRPO  Conj.   IgG Biotinylated

 

Name

Catalog # IgG

 

Catalog # HRPO

 

Catalog # Biotinylated

 

 

Anti – SEA

LAI101

 

LAC101

 

BAC101

 

 

Anti – SEB

LBI202

 

LBC202

 

BBC202

 

 

Anti – SEC

LCI111

 

LCC111

 

BCC111

 

 

Anti – SED

LDI303

 

LDC303

 

BDC303

 

 

Anti – SEE

LEI404

 

LEC404

 

BEC404

 

 

Anti – SEH

LSEHI-1

 

LSEHC-1

 

BHC-1

 

 

Anti – TSST-1

LTI101

 

LTC101

 

BTC101

 

 

Anti – DNase

LNI101

 

LNC101

 

BNC101

 

 

 

Normal Rabbit Serum Tested to be Free of Antibodies to SEA-E & TSST-1

Cat. # NRS-5

5 mL

 

Cat. # NRS-10

10 mL

 

 

ANTISERA

SHEEP

 

Staphylococcal  Antitoxins                     

 

Name

Catalog #

Name

Catalog #

 

Anti – SEA

SAS101

Anti – SEE

SES404

 

Anti – SEB

SBS202

Anti – TSST-1

STS606

 

Anti – SEC1

SCS111

Anti – Exfoliative toxin  A

SSS101

 

Anti – SEC2

SCS222

Anti – Alpha-hemolysin

SHS101

 

Anti – SEC3

SCS333

Anti – DNase

SNS101

 

Anti – SED

SDS303

 

 

 

 

Affinity Purified

IgG  

IgG  HRPO Conj.  

IgG Biotinylated

 

 

Name

Cat. #

 

Cat. #

 

Cat. #

 

 

 

Anti – SEA

SLAI101

 

SLAC101

 

SBAC101

 

 

 

Anti – SEB

SLBI202

 

SLBC202

 

SBBC202

 

 

 

Anti – SEC

SLCI111

 

SLCC111

 

SBCC111

 

 

 

Anti – SED

SLDI303

 

SLDC303

 

SBDC303

 

 

 

Anti – SEE

SLEI404

 

SLEC404

 

SBEC404

 

 

 

Anti – TSST-1

SLTI101

 

SLTC101

 

SBTC101

 

 

 

Anti – ET-A

SLSI505

 

SLSC505

 

SBSC505

 

 

 

Anti – DNase

SLNI101

 

SLNC101

 

SBNC101

 

 

 

Anti- α-Hemolysin

SLHI101

 

SLHC101

 

SBHC

 

 

 

 

 

Murine Monoclonal Antibodies to the Staph Toxins

 

MA108             Anti-SEA, γ2b, Xreacts with SEE. Overlaps Zn++ MHC binding site,

                          requires Zn++ for binding. (Kappler & Marrack)                 1mg

 

MBI202             Prepared against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B                   1mg   

                          IgG; Reactivity: Anti-SEB & SEC.

 

MB344             Anti-SEB, γ1, 6.0 nM, Not overlapping with the SEB MHC or TCR

                          interaction site (Kappler & Marrack)                                    1mg   

 

MB327   Anti-SEB, γ2b, 95 nM, Not overlapping with the SEB MHC or TCR

                          interaction site (Kappler & Marrack)                                    1mg   

 

MB2B33           Anti-SEB, γ1, 5.2 nM, Overlaps with the SEB MHC interaction site.

                          (Kappler & Marrack)                                                             1mg   

 

MB87      Anti-SEB, γ1, 9.3 nM, Overlaps with the SEB TCR interaction site.

                          (Kappler & Marrack)                                                             1mg   

 

MC165             Anti-SEC, γ1, Reacts with SEC1 (1.5nM) > SEC3 (20nM) > SEC2 (75nM)

                          (Kappler & Marrack)                                                             1mg   

 

MCTS-1            Prepared against Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1                1mg   

                          (Formerly Cat. # TS-2) IgG; Reactivity: Anti-TSST-1.

 

 

Streptococcal Reagents

 

Streptococcal  pyrogenic  exotoxins  

( SPE ), Native

SPE, Recombinant (rSPE)

Name

Catalog  #

rSPE-A (Allele-1)

rPTA111

SPE-B

PTB222

rSPE-C

rPTC333

 

 

Streptococcal  antitoxins

 

 

Name

Catalog  #

 

Source

 

 

             Anti-SPE-A

PSA111

 

sheep

 

 

Anti-SPE-A

RPSA1

 

rabbit

 

 

Anti-SPE-B

PSB222

 

rabbit

 

 

Anti-SPE-C

PSC333                                     

 

rabbit

 

 

Affinity Purified

IgG Rabbit

IgG  HRPO  Conjugate

 

Name

Catalog #

 

Catalog #

 

 

 

Anti – SPE-A

 

 

PAI111

 

 

PAC111

 

 

 

Anti – SPE-B

 

PBI222

 

 

PBC222

 

 

 

Anti – SPE-C

 

PCI333

 

 

PCC333

 

 

 

 

Streptococcal Peptidoglycan

Description

Catalog  #

Quantity

Streptococcal peptidoglycan

SRPG1

10 mg

 

 

 

 

 

Shigatoxin (Verotoxin) Reagents

 

Monoclonal Antibodies (Murine)

 

STX1-9C9     1mg     

 

                       Reference: Padhye, V.V. et al. 1989. J. Med. Microbiol. 30:219-226.

                       Reported Specificity: VT-1; A,A1,B, Neutralizing; VT-2; A,A1,

                                                          Non-neutralizing. Isotype, IgG1

 

STX1-3C10    1mg     

 

                        Reference: Same as above.

                        Reported Specificity: Same as above. Isotype, IgG1

 

STX1-10D11   1mg    

 

                        Reference: Same as above.

                        Reported Specificity: VT-1; A,A1,B, Neutralizing; VT-2; A,A1,B,

                                                           Non-neutralizing. Isotype, IgG2b

 

STX2-BB12   1mg    

 

                       Reference: Pouch Downes, F. et al. 1988. Infection & Immunity. 56:1926-

                                          1933.

                       Reported Specificity: VT-2; B, Neutralizing. The clone was received as

                                                          BB-12; some researchers report that it does not react

                                                          the same as the original “BB12” MAb. Isotype, IgG1

 

STX1-13C4   1mg      

 

                      Reference: Strockbine N.A. et al 1985. Infection & Immunity. 50:695-700.

                      Reported Specificity: VT-1; B, Neutralizing.

                      Note: This MAb can be purchased and used for research purposes only, it is

                                 Not to be used for any commercial purposes and is limited by the

                                 Licensee to a maximum of 5mg per purchase. Isotype, IgG1 κ

 

STX2-11E10  1mg     

 

                        Reference: Perera, L.F. et al. 1988. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:2127-2131.

                        Reported Specificity: VT-2, Neutralizing(+/-)

                        Note: The same use conditions as STX1-13C4 apply to this MAb

                             Isotype, IgG1 κ

 

 

 

Shigatoxin Reagents, Continued

 

Pooled Monoclonal Antibodies

 

STXPI-1        1mg      Pool of MAb 9C9, 3C10, 10D11 & BB12

 

STXPC-1       0.5mL  Pooled MAb IgG-HRPO Conjugate            

 

BSTXPC-1    0.5mL Pooled MAb IgG-Biotin Conjugate            

 

Shigatoxins (STX, Verotoxins, VT)          

 

STX-1 (Formerly, SLT-1) Partially Purified Shigatoxin-1*     0.5 mg    

 

STX-2 (Formerly, SLT-2) Partially Purified Shigatoxin-2*     0.5 mg     

 

* At least 10 7 Verocytotoxic units/mg.

 

 

 

Ricin Reagents

 

RCAX-1            Ricin (RCA 60) Toxoid                                                       1 mg

LRCAI-1           Anti-Ricin, Polyclonal Rabbit IgG                                       1 mg  

 

LRCAC-1         Anti-Ricin IgG-HRPO                                                        0.5 mL

 

 

Abrin Reagents

 

ABR-1               Abrin Toxin (Mixed Isomers)                                              1 mg

 

ABRX-1            Abrin Toxoid                                                                        1 mg

 

AABR-1            Anti-Abrin (Inquire)

 

 

 

Listeria Monocytogenes typing antibodies

 

General technical information

 

 

These antibody reagents have been developed in rabbits and are specific for

the somatic and flagellar antigens of Listeria monocytogenes.  They may be

used to identify and characterize different serotypes of L. monocytogenes.  

The reagents are sold in a lyophilized form and are under vacuum.  In this

            evacuated, freeze-dried form, the antibodies are stable for several years when

            stored at – 20 0C or lower.

 

To rehydrate the antibody reagents, it is recommended to add an equivalent

volume of deionized water (usually l ml) to the vial, then aliquot the content to

convenient working volumes and freeze any of the aliquots which will not be

used within several days.  The shelf life of the rehydrated reagent is

            approximay one week at 4 0C and one year at – 20  0C.

 

To prepare an aliquot of rehydrated reagent for use in the FDA-BAM serological

            typing procedure, dilute the reagent to the recommended dilution with PBS-

           Tween (0.01 M phosphate, 0.9 % NaCl, 0.05 % Tween-20, pH to 7.4) The diluted

working reagent should be used within 8 hours.

 

 

 

           

Listeria monocytogenes serotyping reagents:

 

                       Somatic Groups

 

Serotype (O – antigens)

 

   anti – O1a (1) cat. no. LMO1

 

   anti – O1a (1,2) cat. no. LMO12

 

   anti – O3a (4) cat. no. LMO3

 

   anti – O4a (7,9) cat. no. LMO4A

 

   anti – O4b (6) cat. no. LMO4B6

 

   anti – O4b (5,6) cat. no. LMO4B56

 

   anti – O4d (8) cat. no. LMO4D

 

 

 

 

                         Flagellar Groups

 

Flagellar antigen

 

   anti – HA cat. no. LMHA

 

   anti – HC cat. no. LMHC

 

   anti – HD cat. no. LMHD

 

Sold in Individual 1 mL Units or in Set of 1 mL each.

 

The Listeria monocytogenes serotyping reagents are absorbed,

hyper-immune rabbit serum products.  These products are used

in the FDA-BAM serotyping procedure

 

 

TEST SERVICES – DESCRIPTION AND PRICES

           

Bacterial Toxins                                                            Mycotoxins

                                                           

 

      – Total aflatoxins, B’s and G’s                 

      – Aflatoxin M1                                           

– Zearalenone                                             

      – Vomitoxin                                                

      – T-2 toxin                                                  

      – Fumonisin                                                                           – Ochratoxin A                                                                      – Sterigmatocystin                                                                 – Patulin                                                      

 

                                 Serotyping

 

       – Salmonella                                              

       – Listeria                                                   

       – E. coli                                                      

 

 

  Staphylococcal Exoproteins

      -Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxins                

      – Serum sample (TSST-1 Titer)*               

      – Paired sera, acute and

         convalescent (TSST-1Titer)*               

      – isolate (toxin panel) A-E & TSST-1                                  – DNase (ELISA)                                                                   – Coagulase                                                 

      – Mitogenicity (TC)                             

      – Exfoliative Toxin A (ELISA)                  

      – IgE Titer (SEs/TSST-1)*                       

 -IgG Titer (SEA,B,Cs,D,E&TSST-1)*   

 

 

                       Toxicology

In vivo acute toxicology (mouse)                

 

In vitro cytotoxicity with various

       cell lines                                                 

 

*Serologies are for investigative purposes only, not for

   human diagnostic use.

   TOX TECH is NOT a CLIA LICENSED FACILITY.

 

Staphylococcal enterotoxins

      – FDA-BAM Screen (no typing)                

           – Confirmation (ELISA-typing)                              – Confirmation & Quantitation          

           – Confirmation (Microslide)              

     

                                                                                      Escherichia coli toxicology/pathology

       – verotoxins (shiga-like toxins)

             – ELISA (no typing)                                                

             – ELISA (typing)                                

             – Tissue culture (TC)                                         

             – Labile enterotoxin (RPLA)                                   – invasiveness / adherence (TC)     

     

Streptococcal Toxins

      – pyrotoxins A,B, and C (ELISA)             

 

Bacillus cereus toxins

      – diarrheal enterotoxin (ELISA)                    –          emetic enterotoxin (TC)

                           Inquire

 

Clostridial toxins

    – perfringens alpha toxin (enzyme)           

    – perfringens enterotoxin (RPLA)             

    – botulinal toxin screen (FDA)                   

    – botulinal toxin typing (FDA)                   

    

     Miscellaneous Toxins

Paralytic shellfish toxin, i.e.,                          

    Saxitoxin (mouse)                                       

    Saxitoxin (ELISA)                                      

                               

Endotoxin

     -Qualitative   (Limulus)                               

     -Quantitative (Limulus)                            

 

 

 

References

 

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins:

  1. Bergdoll, M.S. and A.C.L. Wong Staphylococcal intoxications. In Foodborne Infections and Intoxications 3e. Chapter 14. (2006) Elsevier, Inc.

 

  1. Bergdoll, M.S. Enterotoxins. In Staphylococci and Staphylococcal Infections, 2. (1983) Academic

               Press,  London. (SEA-E)

 

  1. Freed, R.C., M.L. Evenson, R.F. Reiser & M.S. Bergdoll. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins  in

       Foods. (1982)  Appl.  Environ. Microbiol. 44:1349-55.

       

  1. Bergdoll, M.S. et al. A New Staphylococcal Enterotoxin, Enterotoxin F, Associated with Toxic-

        Shock-Syndrome Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates. (1981) Lancet. 1017-21.

        

         5. Munson, S.H. et al. Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Types G and

             I from  Staphylococcus aureus. (1998) Infection and Immunity. 66:3337-48.

 

         6.  Su, Y.-C. and A.C.L. Wong. Identification and Purification of a New Staphylococcal Enterotoxin,

              H. (1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1438-43.

       

  1. Zhang, S. et al. The Enterotoxin D plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus encodes a second               

       enterotoxin determinant (SEJ). (1998) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 168(2):227-33.

 

          8.  Owen, P.M. et al. Biochemical and Biological Properties of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin K. (2001)

       Infection & Immunity. 69:360-366.

 

  9.  SEL, Dr. Pat Schlievert’s Group (Unpublished)

 

 10. Jarraud, S. et al. egc, A Highly Preventive Operon of Enterotoxin Gene, Forms a Putative Nursery

       of  Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus. 2001. J. Immunology. 166:669-677. An Erratum to

       this article was published in J. Immunology 166:4259. (SEM, N & O)

 

 11. Reiser, R.F. et al. Purification and Some Physicochemical Properties of Toxic-Shock-Toxin. (1983)

        Biochemistry. 22: 3907-12. (TSST-1)

 

12. Reiser, R.F. et al. Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 by Staphylococcus aureus  Restricted to Endogenous Air in Tampons. (1987)  J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:1450-52.

 

13. Schlievert, P.M. et al. Identification an Characterization of an Exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Toxic-Shock Syndrome. (1981) Infect. Dis.143:509-516. [This the first reference to Pyrogenic Exotoxin C. (PEC, aka SEF & TSST-1)]

 

        14. Schlievert, P.M. & J.A. Kelly. Staphylococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin C: Further Characterization.

              (1982) Ann. Intern. Med. 96(6 pt. 2):982-986

 

 

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins as Superantigens:

 

             1.  Taranta, A. Lymphocyte Mitogens of  Staphylococcal Origin. (1974) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.

                   236:362-375.

            

             2.  White, J. et al. The Vß-Specific Superantigen Enterotoxin B: Stimulation of Mature T Cells and

                  Clonal  Deletion in Neonatal Mice. (1989) Cell. 56:27-35. [Note: This is the 1st paper to use the term

                                                                                        Superantigen!]

           

             3.  Marrack, P. & J. Kappler. The Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Their Relatives. (1990)

                   Science. 248705-711.

 

             4.  Johnson H. et al. Superantigens in Human Disease. (1992) Scientific American. April: 92-101.

            

             5.  Hudson, K.R. et al. Two Adjacent Residues in Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A and E

                  Determine T Cell Receptor Vß Specificity. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:175-184.

 

             6.  Kotb, M. Bacterial Pyrogenic Exotoxins as Superantigens. (1995) Clin. Microbiol. Rev.

                  8:411-426.

 

             7.  Proft,T. & J. Fraser. Superantigens: Just Like Peptides Only Different. (1998) J. Clin. Immunol.

                  Bernal, A. et al. 19:149-157.

            

             8.  Al-Daccak, R. et al. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin D Is a Promiscuous Superantigen Offering   

                   Multiple Modes of Interactions with the MHC Class II Receptors. (1998) J. Immunology.

                   160: 225-232.

 

             9.  Jarraud, S. et al. egc, A Highly Prevalent of Enterotoxin Gene, Forms a Putative  Nursery of

                  Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus. (2001) J. Immunology. 166: 669-677.

 

            10.  LeClaire, R.D. and S. Bavari. Human Antibodies to Bacterial Superantigens and Their Ability

                   To Inhibit T-Cell Activation and Lethality. (2001) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

                    45; 460-463.

 

 

Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins as  Superantigens

 

  1. Imanishi, K. et al. Activation of Murine T-Cells by Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Type A.

       Requirement for MHC Class II Molecules on Accessory Cells and Identification of Vβ Elements in

       T-Cell Receptor of Toxin-reactive T-Cells. (1990) J. Immunol. 145:3170-3176.

 

             2.  Li, P-L. et al. The Superantigen Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin C (SPE-C) Exhibits a Novel

                  Mode of Action. (1997) J. Exp. Med. 186:375-383.

 

             3.  McCormick, J.K. et al. Functional Characterization of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin J,

                  a Novel Superantigen. (2001) Infection and Immunity 69:1381-1388.

 

 

Shiga Toxin & Monoclonal Antibodies to SLT-1 & 2

 

 

              1.   Strockbine, N.A. et al. Characterization of  Monoclonal Antibodies against Shiga-Like Toxin

                    from Escherichia coli. 1985. Infection and Immunity. 50:695-700.

 

               2.  Pouch Downes, F. et al. Affinity Purification and Characterization of Shiga-Like Toxin II and

                    Production of toxin-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Infection and Immunity. 56:1926-1933.

 

3. Perera, L.P. et al. Isolation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Shiga-Like

       Toxin II of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in a

       Colony Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. 1988. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:2127-213

 

4. Padhye, V.V. et al. Production and Characterization  of Monoclonal Antibodies to Verotoxins

                     1 and 2 from Escherichia coli of Serotype O 157:H7. 1989. J. Med. Micro. 30:219-226.

 

Bioterrorism & Bacterial Toxins

 

               1. Christopher, G.W., et al. Biological Warfare—A Historical Perspective. 1997.

                   JAMA. 278:412-417.

 

               2.  Franz, D.R., et al. Clinical Recognition and Management of Patients Exposed to Biological

                    Agents. 1997. JAMA. 278:399-411.

 

               3.  Schmitt, C.K. et al. Bacterial Toxins: Friends or Foes? 1999. Emerging Infectious Diseases.

                    5:224-234.

 

               4.  Greenfield, R.A., et al. Microbiological, Biological, and Chemical Weapons of Warfare and

                    Terrorism. 2002. Am. J. Med. Sci. 323:326-340.

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